The 3 electrical components of wire are: 

* Resistance
* Capacitance
* Inductance 

Resistance is the ability to "resist" the flow of electrons. For example, Copper has many free electrons. Glass and rubber have very few free electrons. Substances with few free electrons make good insulators. Therefore, copper has low resistance while glass has high resistance. 

The specific resistance of a conductor (glass, copper) is the number of ohms in a 1' (305mm) long 0.001" diameter round wire of that material. 

Capacitance is the number of electrons a capacitor can hold under a given electrical pressure (voltage). It's how long a capacitor can hold a charge. 

A capacitor's function is to store electricity, or electrical energy, passing alternating current (AC), and blocking direct current (DC). The capacitor is constructed with two electrode plates facing each other, but separated by an insulator. When DC voltage is applied to the capacitor, an electric charge is stored on each electrode. While the capacitor is charging up, current flows. The current will stop flowing when the capacitor has fully charged. 

When the capacitor is able to store one coulomb of charge at one volt it is said to have a capacitance of one Farad. This is a very large unit of measure. Power supply capacitors are often in the region of 4,700 uF or 4,700 / millionths of a Farad. The unit uF stands for micro-farad (one millionth) and pF stands for pico-farad (one million, millionths). 

Inductance occurs when any piece of wire is wound into a coil form and thus opposing any change in current. In other words, inductance is the property of a circuit where energy is stored in the form of an electromagnetic field. Inductance is measured in the Henry. Typical values are milli-henries (mH), one thousandth of a henry or the micro-henry (uH), one millionth of a henry. 

A small straight piece of wire exhibits inductance measured as a fraction of a uH. Inductance varies in proportion to the number of turns, squared. A coil of one turn might be one unit. Two turns would be four units. Three turns would be nine units and so on. The length of the coil can enter into the equation. 

Resistance, Capacitance, and Inductance: How the Terms Are Used. 

High resistance decreases an audio signal. 

High capacitance rolls off high frequency response. This alters the tone. 

High inductance alters tones in various ways, depending on the circuit in which they are present. 

All cable wire will alter the signal (the tone) as a result of the resistance and capacitance of the wire. 

Wire with the least resistance and the lowest capacitance is good. This would be under 100 ohms per 1000 feet and under 100 pf (Pico farads) per foot. 

Inductance of the wire varies depending on how the wire is laying. Coiled equals bad, uncoiled equals good. Therefore, use only the length of wire/cable you need.